INTRODUCTION
- The Ceramic Tile Institute has made a-stand up cut-a-way model of each wall
tile method shown in the Handbook of Tile Installations, and also for each floor
tile method shown in the Handbook. The reason this was done was to show details,
especially for fasteners, that are not detailed in the Handbook.
- We still find however, a need to inform those in the tile trade, and also
those in the design phase of construction, on exactly how some of the procedures
are to be done.
DISCUSSION
- In looking at the Handbook we observe line drawings. The materials to be used
are listed but the details on how they are to be fastened in place are missing.
- In looking at one of our cut-a-ways, each material is exposed. Where a fastener
is to be used it also is shown.
- The fasteners are shown in our cut-a-ways but missing in the Handbook. The
Handbook is what is used by the design phase of construction, including the specifier.
- The problem being experienced is where an architectural firm has specified
a certain method. The corresponding detail in the Handbook is given by reference.
How to fasten the paper and wire is not detailed in the Handbook. A call then
comes from the field to the architect asking how it is to be done and the architect
then calls Ceramic Tile Institute for details. Occasionally these phone calls
can get quite profane as to how in the llx-y-z" do you fasten paper and wire to
concrete.
- Detail W201 is one that generates the most inquiries. How do you hold the
paper, which serves as an isolation sheet, to the concrete? How do you fasten
the reinforcing wire to the concrete?
- The paper can be held in place by tape, it only has to be fastened in place
until the-wire is fastened. The fasteners for the wire than does a double job.
It holds the paper and :the wire in place.
- The satisfactory methods of fastening the paper and wire to concrete are with
powder actuated, fire on, low velocity equipment or with pneumatic equipment.
The pins used are best fired through a washer to cover sufficient strands of wire
for a strong anchor.
- Detail W211 includes bonding to a concrete surface. It has been well determined
that a good bond is not achieved unless the concrete surface is sandblasted. This
necessary information is missing in the Handbook. It is shown on our cut-a-way
model. It is vital that the tile trade understand that a heavy sandblast is needed.
It is also vital that the design phase of construction and the specifier know
it is necessary.
- Installing tile in the mortar method over red brick needs special consideration.
Red brick have a high degree of absorbency which will suck the necessary water
out of the mortar if now prevented. This can best be done by a special scratch
coat; three (3) parts of fine, well-graded sand (No. 20 or finer) mixed with one
(1) part of portland cement. The sand-cement mixture is wetted with one part of
anti-hydro added to five parts of water. This trowelled over the well-moistened
brick surface so that a thin solid layer approximately I/Sth inch thick is applied.
This shall then be scratched to receive the next coat and left to cure for 24
hours before covering with the next coat. When scratch coat is completed, no spots
of brick should, show through.
- Another item needing to be emphasized is the type of wire reinforcing that
is to be used. The details in the Handbook, such as W221 calls for "metal lath
- galvanized or painted expanded metal lath or other approved wire reinforcing".
Too often we find wire used, and also paper backed wire, that is not included
in acceptable wire for tile installations in the Handbook, nor is it listed in
our ANSI Specifications. This type of wire is often the contributor to cracked
tile walls.
CONCLUSION
- Our cut-a-way models supply a wealth of information but it is necessary for
those of us in the tile industry to understand the details shown.
- It is also important for us to convey this information to the specifier and
to the design phase of construction.
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